Cervical Arthritis: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Cervical arthritis, also known as cervical spondylosis or degenerative disc disease, is a common age-related condition that affects the joints and discs in the cervical spine or neck. It occurs due to the natural wear and tear of the cartilage and bones in the neck over time. Although many individuals may not experience symptoms, cervical arthritis can cause significant pain, discomfort, and reduced mobility in some cases.
Causes & Symptoms
The primary cause of cervical arthritis is the natural aging process. As we age, the discs in the spine lose hydration and elasticity, which can lead to the development of cracks and tears. Over time, this degeneration can cause the discs to lose height and the vertebrae to shift closer together, resulting in the formation of bone spurs or osteophytes. These bone spurs can compress spinal nerves and cause discomfort, pain, and even neurological issues.
Other factors that may contribute to the development of cervical arthritis include:
- Genetics: A family history of cervical arthritis or other spine-related conditions can increase the risk of developing the disease.
- Occupation: Jobs that require repetitive neck motions or prolonged periods of sitting may contribute to the wear and tear of the cervical spine.
- Trauma: Previous neck injuries can accelerate the degenerative process.
- Smoking: Smoking can negatively affect the health of the spinal discs and contribute to their degeneration.
Symptoms of cervical arthritis can vary from person to person and may include:
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Headaches, often at the back of the head
- Muscle spasms and weakness in the neck, shoulders, and arms
- Numbness or tingling in the arms or hands
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Difficulty with fine motor skills
In severe cases, cervical arthritis can result in the compression of the spinal cord, leading to a condition called cervical myelopathy. This can cause significant neurological symptoms, such as difficulty walking, weakness, difficulty holding objects in the hand, and paralysis.
In many cases, conservative treatment options such as physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications can effectively manage the symptoms of cervical arthritis. However, surgery may be recommended when these treatments fail to provide relief or if neurological symptoms are present.
Treatment Options
Surgical treatment options for cervical arthritis include:
- Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): This procedure involves the removal of the damaged disc and the insertion of a bone graft or implant in its place. The adjacent vertebrae are fused together to stabilize and alleviate pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
- Cervical Disc Replacement: An alternative to fusion, this procedure involves replacing the damaged disc with an artificial one, which allows for continued motion in the affected segment of the cervical spine.
- Posterior Cervical Laminectomy: This surgery involves removing part of the vertebral bone, called the lamina, to create more space for the spinal cord and relieve pressure on compressed nerves.
- Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: This minimally invasive procedure involves removing bone spurs or disc material, compressing a spinal nerve as it exits the spinal column, and alleviating nerve compression and associated symptoms.
While it may not be possible to prevent cervical arthritis completely, there are steps that can be taken to slow its progression and manage its symptoms:
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can all contribute to better overall spinal health.
- Practice good posture: Proper posture while standing and sitting can help reduce strain on the cervical spine and minimize the risk of developing cervical arthritis.
- Strengthen neck muscles: Participating in targeted exercises to strengthen the neck and upper back muscles can provide additional support to the cervical spine and help alleviate symptoms.
- Use ergonomic aids: Utilizing ergonomic devices such as supportive pillows, adjustable chairs, and computer monitors at eye level can reduce strain on the neck and help prevent the development or worsening of cervical arthritis.
- Manage stress: Chronic stress can exacerbate symptoms of cervical arthritis. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises can help manage stress and minimize its impact on the cervical spine.
Cervical arthritis is a common, age-related condition that can cause pain, stiffness, and neurological symptoms in some individuals. While conservative treatment options are often effective, surgical intervention may be necessary in cases where symptoms do not improve or when neurological complications arise. As with any medical condition, it is important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the individual’s specific needs and circumstances.
For a comprehensive evaluation and to explore your treatment options, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment or seek a second opinion consultation with Dr. Scott Raffa at Cantor Spine Center by calling 561-935-1188. Take the first step towards a pain-free life by calling us today.